Ethical issues in prescribing. Specifically, we evaluated (1) requirements for educational programs for prescribers and patients, (2) prescription monitoring programs, (3) prescription limits, (4 Sep 2, 2019 · Social Prescribing focuses on addressing people’s non-medical needs, which it is hoped will subsequently reduce their medical needs. Palliat Med. In addition to understanding the legal implications of prescribing medications, FNPs must also understand Jul 20, 2022 · This second article examines pertinent legislation and underpinning ethical principles that guide decision-making in prescribing. Readers are referred to a recent review of the “cosmetic” use of neuroenhancers by Geppert and Taylor. Jan 10, 2011 · 2 Non-medical prescribing in a multidisciplinary team context; 3 Consultation skills and decision making; 4 Legal aspects of independent and supplementary prescribing; 5 Ethical issues in independent and supplementary prescribing; 6 Psychology and sociology of prescribing; 7 Applied pharmacology; 8 Monitoring skills; 9 Promoting concordance in General Medical Council's prescribing guidance: prescribing unlicensed medicines; Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency's drug safety update for off-label or unlicensed use of medicines. Saj Shah Solicitor/Pharmacist 3 May 2006. Recent findings: The literature on pharmacological interventions suggests changes in prescribing patterns for some substance classes owing to regulatory authorities' warnings. Paragraphs 71 – 73 Prescribing for patients based overseas. Warning the patient of any sedative side effects may also be important if they operate Oct 7, 2022 · Eligibility and information sources. It is split into four domains: 1) Knowledge, skills, and behaviours. a Penn Pain Medicine Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tuttleman Building, 1840 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. May 15, 2018 · Ethical decision making in pain management. Feb 29, 2012 · One broad principle for the conduct of pediatric drug studies is that children should not be subjected to research that is not necessary to advance knowledge relevant to child health. Responsibility starts with us being well-informed and remaining current with the plethora of new medication and specialty drugs on the market. Background Federal Regulations The regulation of opioids and the treatment of opioid addiction has a long and complex history. A reasonable ethical approach for all physicians is to seek Abstract. Prevalence. To achieve this, a shift away from metered-dose inhalers which contain powerful greenhouse gases is necessary. Justice (fairness, equality, and the distribution of scarce health resources); and. In this case, a new FDA-approved drug is recommended for a patient who subsequently experiences an adverse event that may or may not be related to the prescription. To ensure safe practice, it is imperative that safeguards are recognised and applied; therefore pertinent legislative frameworks, policy and professional regulation are discussed. We searched multiple online databases for studies that included older adults 60+ years (group mean age), an intervention defined and called social prescribing (or social prescription) via health provider referrals to non-medical services, and quantitative physical and psychosocial outcomes and/or health resource use. The development of non-medical prescribing has depended on changes in professional body regulations, legal frameworks relating to medicines and attitudes of patients and professionals in relation to roles and responsibilities. 2) Safety and quality. Effect of opioid prescribing guidelines in primary care. Feb 2, 2012 · Educating nonmedical prescribers. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes May 24, 2022 · Clinical, Duty of care, Ethical issues, Ethical practice, Legal issues, Medicines, Mental capacity act, Nurse prescribing,Prescribing, Prescription medicines, Professional The prescribing practice of a range of healthcare practitioners has developed over the years through a series of amendments to medicines law. Unique patient population. There are around 20 000 nurse independent prescribers, 2400 pharmacist Aug 18, 2022 · Two ethical issues that pose a barrier to moving away from metered-dose inhalers are considered: patients who decline an inhaler with a smaller carbon footprint and increased cost. Ethical issues of pharmacotherapy concern aspects of research, safety, indicated use, enhancement, information and evidence-based practice. The following argu-ments use inhalers as a case to help draw out the salient ethical issues, but the discussion can be taken Basic ethical principles can provide a framework to help physicians make ethically appropriate decisions about opioid prescribing. The core of ethical considerations of prescribing is the imbalance of power between the prescriber and patient where there is the potential for abuse and the power to Nov 7, 2019 · When academic physicians put their names on ghostwritten articles, it raises ethical issues and undermines the basis of scientific reliability. Apr 11, 2018 · Abstract. Despite the increased accessibility and use of medical cannabis, physicians have significant knowledge gaps regarding evidence of clinical benefits and potential harms. The Textbook of Non-Medical Prescribing. 2010 Mar;148(3) :365-367. Mar 11, 2023 · Nurse values continuing education and utilizes all opportunities for self-development. So where does the responsibility for ethical prescribing lie? As health care professionals, prescribing and dispensing pharmaceuticals are generous percentages of each day. Crossref “Physicians and pharmacies have come a long way in their use of e-prescribing, and that’s a very positive trend for safer patient care and improved efficiency,” said Dr. Nurses are advocates for patients and must find a balance while delivering patient care. 2. In fact, depressive disorders are estimated to affect more than 12% of Americans during their lifetimes, contributing to impairments in functional status and quality of life, in addition to costing the U. “red flags. This article discusses the legal implications nurse prescribers need to be aware of in their interactions with patients. doi: 10. Main message: It is essential to follow practice guidelines when prescribing opioids The Textbook of Non-Medical Prescribing is an easy-to-read, comprehensive overview of the essential knowledge, key issues and skills relevant to non-medical prescribing. The doctor on the front lines cannot solve this crisis alone. and poor opioid prescribing practices and diversion have resulted in the nonmedical use of pain relievers by an estimated 25 million people from 2002-2011. e1774. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners has offered a definition of full practice 2. Using recommendations. Many patients can use dry powder inhalers which do not contain greenhouse gases and are equally effective at managing respiratory disease. This article is intended only to open up a flavor of the ethics and complex decisions to be made around prescribing in special needs. b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Dulles Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Dec 15, 2011 · We use the format of a hypothetical case study to review issues related to pharmaceutical product approval and physician prescribing practices. 15 One goal of social prescribing is to address the social determinants of an individual patient’s loneliness, given their available Mar 22, 2020 · Ethical issues are inextricably linked to the act of prescribing antipsychotic medication, not least in terms of informed consent and capacity, but also in the face of wider societal constraints and financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry. Medical cannabis is widely available in the USA and legalisation is likely to expand. Nurs Stand 2011 25(29): 62–6 Crossref, Google Scholar; Amoroso J, Otway C (2006) Ethics in prescribing practice: a review of topical issues. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5(6):e2216475-e2216475. This article is part one of two exploring the core professional, legal and ethical dimensions of prescribing. Aug 20, 2016 · Prescribing decision-making for self-limiting infections can also be challenging for medical prescribers and there is wide variation in antibiotic prescribing . ” For other articles in this issue, see: Chapter 2: Professional, legal and ethical issues in prescribing practice. Jun 4, 2020 · The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Jan 13, 2021 · Prescription and prescriber usage of the prescription drug monitoring programs from 5 states: Legal mandates increased the prescription and use of the programs; reduction of the multiple provider episode rate, opioid prescribing and overlapping, opioid/benzodiazepine prescriptions’ overlapping Jun 22, 2022 · Prescribing by nurses and midwives continues to expand and has consistently been evaluated as safe and effective. Apr 24, 2020 · Clinical assessments for patients experiencing depression constitute one of the most common scenarios for psychiatrists practicing today. In either situation, children may be exposed to Polypharmacy is very common in older adults and increases the risk of inappropriate and unsafe prescribing for older adults. May 20, 2020 · The APRN’s Role and Responsibility in Ethical Prescribing. Despite the prevalence of patients that suffer from chronic pain, very few physicians are formally trained in pain management. In: Nutall DRutt-Howard J. We use the format of a hypothetical case study to review issues related to pharmaceutical product approval and physician prescribing practices. This practice is justified when scientific evidence suggests the efficacy and safety of a medication for an indication for which it does not have FDA approval and when the practice is supported by expert consensus or practice guidelines. These dilemmas may, at times, conflict with the Code of Ethics or with the nurse's ethical values. Clinicians need to give as much clinical and ethical consideration to the risks of untreated perinatal depression as they do to the risks of psychotropic medication [44]. In primary care, social prescribing can take a range of forms. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the drug poisoning epidemic in a number of ways: individuals use alone more often, there is decreased access to harm reduction services and there has been an increase in the toxicity of the unregulated drug supply. It is argued that the purpose of ethical reflection is to deepen and enrich more general Ethics. Objective: To help family physicians achieve an ethical balance in their opioid prescribing practices. Autonomy (deliberated self-rule, most importantly, the right to consent to or refuse treatment); 3. 3) Communication, partnership, and teamwork. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2016. 10. “This study identifies issues that need attention to improve e-prescribing for physicians, pharmacies, and patients. This case raises a number of ethical Sep 1, 2017 · Delesha Carpenter, Daniel Gonzalez, George Retsch-Bogart, Betsy Sleath, Benjamin Wilfond; Methodological and Ethical Issues in Pediatric Medication Safety Research. The English legal system will be explained in relation to non-medical prescribing. “Full practice authority” is generally defined as an APRN’s ability to utilize knowledge, skills, and judgment to practice to the full extent of his or her education and training. 1-34 p Google Scholar; Chen JH, Hom J, Richman I, Asch SM, Podchiyska T, Johansen NA. Off-label prescribing is a common and legal practice in medicine. Paragraphs 76 - 86 - If you patient may lack capacity to make the decision. Prescribers face a range of ethical dilemmas in their everyday practice. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed. This paper discusses Apr 1, 2006 · Abstract. The legal requirements for each stakeholder sometimes are confusing and not understood by other groups. May 12, 2018 · Abstract. 8–11 One way to improve a patient’s quality of life is by allowing more . it is commonly used to good effect by physicians and nurse practitioners because we understand how ANA strongly supports full practice authority for all APRN roles. Another is that children should not participate in studies that are designed or conducted in ways that predictably undermine their potential to yield such advances. Advocates claim that e-prescribing increases accuracy and legibility of prescriptions, integrates the prescription information into electronic medical records, helps physicians adhere to hospital formularies and is cost-effective [6]. Apr 5, 2017 · Ethical Considerations for Interdisciplinary Collaboration with Prescribing Professionals - PMC. Nurse Prescribing 4(1): 38–42 Link, Google Scholar; Beauchamp TL, Childress JF (2001) Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Nurse is obliged to work harmoniously with the members of Jul 7, 2020 · The following ethical discussion focuses on provider-patient interactions at the most interactive end of the telemedicine spectrum: real-time, synchronous, clinical video telehealth (CVT). Leslie LK, Raghavan R, Zhang J, Aarons GA. Jan 25, 2021 · Many ethical issues arise within the broader realm of psychopharmacology, including the fair allocation of resources or the weighing of risks versus benefits in the prescribing of medications. Jan 1, 2014 · This framework depends on four cardinal cornerstones ( 2 ): 1. In this paper I examine ethical issues relating to the efficacy and safety of these drugs. PMC5459773. Professional, legal and ethical issues in prescribing practice. Relief of pain is one of the fundamental obligations of medical professionals. Psychopharmacology (Berl). The nurse is obliged to practice within the framework of ethical and legal boundaries Adheres to code of ethics and code of professional conduct for nurses in India developed by Indian Nursing council. Clancy. How we think about pain exerts an influence on the manner in which we respond to it. NHS medicines information. Nonmaleficence ( primum non nocere: “first, do no harm”); 2. Owing to the public health crisis surrounding the misuse and abuse of opioids, dentists, like all health care providers, have a duty to engage in ethical Feb 18, 2022 · Non-medical prescribing (NMP) was introduced into the United Kingdom (UK) to enhance patient care and improve access to medicines []. An emerging shift in both clinical thinking and the underlying ethics of psychiatry is placing greater emphasis on the quality of life for patients with schizophrenia, as opposed to primarily trying only to give them relief from their symptoms. This case raises a number of ethical Sep 25, 2017 · As a bioethicist working on the ethical and policy issues regarding prescription opioids, I am grateful to the National Academy of Medicine for inviting me to serve on this publication’s Ethical issues in psychopharmacology. 15,16,17 However, the ethics of this crisis still have not been sufficiently addressed. While attempting to propose a definition to capture the many aspects of this issue, this article also examines conflict of interest between prescribers and the pharmaceutical industry, and the May 24, 2022 · Clinical, Duty of care, Ethical issues, Ethical practice, Legal issues, Medicines, Mental capacity act, Nurse prescribing,Prescribing, Prescription medicines, Professional The prescribing practice of a range of healthcare practitioners has developed over the years through a series of amendments to medicines law. The last decade has seen developments in nonmedical prescribing, with the introduction of prescribing rights for healthcare professionals. g Feb 29, 2012 · Spetie L, Arnold LE. Two ethical issues that pose a barrier to moving away from metered-dose inhalers are considered: patients who decline an inhaler with a smaller carbon footprint and increased cost. Recent findings The literature on pharmacological interventions suggests changes in prescribing patterns for some substance classes owing to regulatory authorities' warnings. Across the nation, family nurse practitioners (FNPs) have varying degrees of prescriptive authority over medications, controlled substances, medical devices, and medical services. Part 2: legal and ethical. Sleepiness contributes to motor vehicle and industrial accidents, is a symptom of serious medical disorders, reduces productivity, and affects quality of life. The physicians may violate the basic ethical responsibility of integrity in research and peer review, making them guilty of academic misconduct. In considering how ethically, legally and morally sound NIP fits into the clinical setting Jun 22, 2006 · Summary. 7748/phc. There are factors that are more indicative of substance abuse or diversion, i. Antibiotic stewardship is a key public health concern worldwide ( 49 ); it is important that all prescribers follow best practice in this area yet there is ample evidence that this is This chapter provides an account of the ethical issues in independent and supplementary prescribing with an overview of ethical frameworks, medical and non-medical prescribers. Ethical issues in child psychopharmacology research and practice: emphasis on preschoolers. This article considers some current legal issues regarding non-medical prescribing highlighting some cases where prescribers have fallen foul of the law and the consequences of doing so. For most of the commonly used Both prescription drugs and over-the- counter drugs can be used in off-label ways, although most studies of off-label use focus on prescription drugs. Behav Anal Pract. 2010;20 Oct 9, 2008 · Ethical Issues in Sleep Medicine. Overuse of antibiotics is a major pathway for development of antimicrobial resistance. Raising and acting on concerns Q: I am a clinical ethicist and emergency physician. 1, 2 With approximately 9% of children in the USA between 9 years and 17 years of age being diagnosed with ADHD and 2. Prescribing practice is governed by ethical and legal principles to ensure a holistic patient-centred approach. The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among US children has increased two to three times in the last 20 years, and a growing number of preschool aged children are being prescribed stimulant medications. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. Social prescribing is a systematic approach to addressing patients’ social needs by referring them to or implementing community-based interventions and facilitating social connection based on individual need. For example, it may involve upskilling existing members of staff (e. CURRENT ISSUES AND TRENDS. Primary Health Care. Our ability and willingness to hear, detect, trust, treat, and report which rely, to an extent, on our understanding of the essence and meaning of pain come ideally from a phenomenological perspective. v. Mar 14, 2014 · Abstract. The doctor must fully inform the patient about why the proposed medication is being recommended and the expectations of treatment and side effects of medication. Sixty-five percent of respondents to a 2008 survey reported disturbed sleep on “at least a few night” in the prior month. 1542/peds. The marketing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the psychopharmacological industry presents a serious moral problem for the corporate model of medicine. 488 views Nov 3, 2022 · Patterns in nonopioid pain medication prescribing after the release of the 2016 guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain. 28. 39, 40 Thus, how we think about pain is ideally guided by those Aug 2, 2019 · Abstract. INTRODUCTION. Ethical issues in opioid prescribing for chronic pain Pain. Some mental health professionals support granting prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists as one means of reducing inappropriate prescribing. It is acknowledged that prescribing can be a stressful occupation and the need Mar 1, 2018 · Nephrol News Issues. We all must die. Medico-legal aspects of “off-licence” prescribing in Obstetrics ENTER 2006 CONFERENCE. Jun 1, 2012 · Expanding prescription privileges. 2007;21:43–44,46–47. Pharmaceutical companies have a moral obligation to Sep 23, 2021 · Abstract. The ethical issues involving the use of dangerous addictive drugs transcend all levels of our healthcare system, from the doctor who provides direct patient care to administrators and policy makers. 1 In the late 1990s, healthcare providers began prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) after changes in the state medical board policies. To TM, Agar M, Shelby-James T, et al. 2022. It will also review of some of the Feb 1, 2006 · Abstract. Medicine Jun 15, 2014 · Figure. Sep 23, 2021 · Abstract. Supporting the “Risky” Ambitions of Patients with Schizophrenia. Case studies and scenarios will be used to highlight workings of the various Mar 24, 2015 · Physicians, pharmacists and other key stakeholders each play an important role in addressing prescription drug abuse. 2013;27:320–328. Methods: We reviewed various interventions for opioid prescribing through the lens of ethical inquiry. In this article, the principles-based approach to biomedical ethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress is outlined, with a particular focus on ‘respect for autonomy’. 2007;191:15-26. Three Aug 7, 2010 · The article will consider both the professional accountability and the legal issues involved in NIP, before discussing how the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice underpin safe, cost effective prescribing practice. During the past few decades, pain control, even if it is not always optimal, has improved considerably. Nurse prescribing has become a well-established aspect of advanced clinical practice working alongside key NHS principles and drivers to address the increasing complexities in patient care and the demands on the health service. The Oct 12, 2012 · Adams J (2011) Nurse prescribing ethics and medical marketing. Apr 9, 2020 · The GPhC is supporting a new ethical decision-making framework to support pharmacists and pharmacy teams faced with making difficult decisions linked to the exceptional impact of Covid19. Off-label use is generally legal unless it violates ethical guidelines for safety regulations. Three scenarios are described and analysed using the Seedhouse ethical grid. The Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Project (MCPAP) for Moms has a discussion guide to help clinicians review the risks and benefits of treatment versus no treatment for Introduction. Older adults, particularly women (who make up the majority of this age group), are at the greatest risk for drug-related harm. Pediatrics September 2017; 140 (3): e20170195. Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic (persistent) pain, affecting their quality of life, with financial costs greater than $560 billion annually. In response to the crisis, clinicians, policy makers and people who use drugs have been seeking ways to prevent the worst harms of unregulated Ethical issues in opioid prescribing for chronic pain. Efforts have been made to increase attention to the ethics of the opioid crisis, particularly in the areas of prescription practices, naloxone availability, and clinician regulations. Off-label use becomes an ethical, not a legal, issue when the principle of informed consent is introduced. Failure to pay attention to the basic rules can lead to errors in opioid management. e. Off-label prescribing in palliative care — a cross-sectional national survey of palliative medicine doctors. Four widely accepted principles of medical ethics should be respected in developing and sustaining any sleep CVT program: 11 Dec 23, 2021 · This chapter provides an account of the ethical issues in independent and supplementary prescribing with an overview of ethical frameworks, medical and non-medical prescribers. g. ”. The core of ethical considerations of prescribing is the imbalance of power between the prescriber and patient where there is the potential for abuse and the power to Aug 10, 2018 · Experts have explored ethical issues in opioid prescribing and pain management in the AMA Journal of Ethics® ( @JournalofEthics) and have examined numerous perspectives on related issues, such as providing care where the health and justice systems intersect, racial bias in treating pain, and the use of screening tools and surveillance. receptionists) to signpost patients to relevant local assets (e. There have been huge changes as a result of recent common law decisions regarding patient autonomy and the role of the healthcare practitioner when enabling a person to make a decision about their care. The ethical decision-making framework has been published by the RPS and was developed by a diverse group, chaired by Dr Matthew Boyd of the Pharmacy Law and Aspects of basic opioid pharmacology, such as dosage, route of administration, rotation of drugs, and the avoidance of toxicity and complications, should be considered when initiating and maintaining therapy. Sep 8, 2017 · Broadhead R. 4) Maintain trust. Our recommendations are based on: the trade-off between the benefits and harms of an intervention Feb 12, 2020 · This article discusses the legal implications nurse prescribers need to be aware of in their interactions with patients. Paragraphs 8 - 49 - The Dialogue leading to a decision. Most available evidence was level III. S. 2017-0195 Nov 1, 2009 · While attention to ethical issues and the opioid epidemic has focused on ethical and clinical guidelines for physicians on prescribing opioids to patients, 10, 11 there has been a general silence Dec 4, 2019 · We aimed to explore the ethical aspects of some of these interventions. The National Health Service (NHS) was the first healthcare system globally to declare ambitions to become net carbon zero. 4. Now fully updated and linked to the National Prescribing Centre Single Competency Framework for non-medical prescribers, with activities to help you link your continuing professional development within the competences required Ethical issues of pharmacotherapy concern aspects of research, safety, indicated use, enhancement, information and evidence-based practice. By offering both therapy and medications, a prescribing psychologist could choose the best approach for the patient, these advocates say. Culshaw J, Kendall D, Wilcock A. I routinely care for patients with a chief symptom of acute dental pain. Prescribing antibiotics to patients represents an ethical dilemma for physicians since the current health needs of the patients have to be balanced with concerns for long term containment of antimicrobial resistance in the community. Off-label prescribing in palliative care: a survey of independent prescribers. 10 (2); 2017 Jun. 7 million children prescribed Aug 14, 2023 · Ethical practice is a foundation for nurses, who deal with ethical issues daily. Therefore, optimising drug prescribing for older people is very important. 2nd edn. In this article, we focus on the education, training and practice of nonmedical prescribers in the UK. We argue that primary care providers have an ethical obligation to develop competency to provide cannabis to appropriate patients 2 Non-medical prescribing in a multidisciplinary team context; 3 Consultation skills and decision making; 4 Legal aspects of independent and supplementary prescribing; 5 Ethical issues in independent and supplementary prescribing; 6 Psychology and sociology of prescribing; 7 Applied pharmacology; 8 Monitoring skills; 9 Promoting concordance in Feb 7, 2020 · Abstract. Quality of evidence: MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles published between 1985 and 2011. Off-licence drugs in pregnancy. This article discusses the use of ethical decision-making models to aid decision making. The advantages of e-prescribing translate into reduced medical errors and potentially better patient outcomes [7]. As an emergency physician, I have insight into ethical dilemmas that dentists face when treating dental pain. economy more than $43 billion annually (1, 2). Identifying potentially inappropriate medications and opportunities Sep 9, 2012 · Medico-legal aspects of “off-licence” prescribing in Obstetrics ENTER 2006 CONFERENCE. Decision making and consent. Gould J, Bain H (2022) Professional, legal and ethical dimensions of prescribing. Ethical dilemmas arise as nurses care for patients. The issues are not unique - they apply equally to Paragraph 70 - Prescribing for patients in a care or nursing home or hospice. Prescribing is a complex process and many of the complexities are linked to ethical issues. The concept of informed consent as it is currently understood arose in response to the many medical research abuses of the middle half of the twentieth century—from the mid-1930s through the mid-1970s—in Nazi Germany and the United States. Initially this enabled district nurses and health visitors to prescribe from a limited formulary [] but in 1999, following the second Crown Report, the concept of independent and supplementary prescribing for nurses and other healthcare professionals was opposition, the Board asked the Ethics Committee to develop an information paper to address legal, ethical, and privacy issues that may arise from the inclusion of methadone in PDMPs. Ethics, both as a guide for what ought to be done and a practice Aug 8, 2013 · Another aspect of law and ethics applied to prescribing is the principle of informed consent. Rates of psychotropic medication use over time among youth in child welfare/child protective services. Psychopharmacological competency necessitates a sensitivity to ethical considerations Aug 17, 2022 · Here, my focus is on inhaler prescribing; however, this is just one element in a wider discussion occur-ring across healthcare regarding changes in practice to bring about a net zero NHS. This is the overarching ethical guidance for doctors in the UK, outlining core ethical values and attributes. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. 2 The impetus to end the undertreatment of pain continued with The Joint Jul 1, 2010 · This article critically analyses, through the context of a care study, the professional, ethical and legal issues involved in making a safe prescribing decision for LTOT in an individual with COPD May 7, 2011 · New ethical issues have arisen around the use of psychotropics (such as stimulants) to enhance the cognitive performance of healthy individuals. Jan 8, 2019 · In this article, the various arenas where prescribers can be called to account for their prescribing decisions will be examined, such as their employers, clinical commissioning groups, professions as well as criminal and civil law. This chapter addresses the professional, legal and ethical issues associated with medicine management and the role of the nurse. Aug 12, 2022 · Good Medical Practice. In this article, the various arenas where prescribers can be called to account for their prescribing decisions will be examined, such as their employers, clinical commissioning groups, professions as well as criminal and civil law. Journal List. The ethical psychiatric practitioner has the responsibility to know and continue to learn the latest empirical findings on psychopharmacologic and This paper discusses the ethical issues that arise as the NHS attempts to mitigate climate change. Prior to 1970, the physician was viewed as an autonomous entity, capable of assessing Oct 1, 2021 · Ethical issues, such as (1) the lack of a sound database on long-term efficacy and safety due to a limited number of clinical trials in this population, (2) the lack of knowledge about adverse events related to the off-label use of drugs, (3) an extensive level of complexity in prescription management for the pediatric population, and (4 Aug 6, 2010 · Professionalism in the context of advanced nursing practice is a complex topic, and must include a consideration of both individual and collective nurses', societal and patient rights and obligations. js er wt cm qx tb gm qw ov uk